feat: migrate from face detection to HOG person detection

- Introduce unique face ID generation and enhance face matching based on proximity and size
- Refactor face ID generation to use centroids and size for better accuracy
- Update tracked face data structure to include centroid, zone, timestamp, and size
- Improve comments for clarity on face tracking and matching processes

camera.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Integrates face detection and zone tracking.
 import cv2
 import threading
 import time
-from face_detector import FaceDetector
+from person_detector import PersonDetector
 from zone_tracker import ZoneTracker
 
 
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ class Camera:
         
         Args:
             camera_index: Index of the USB camera (usually 0)
-            process_every_n_frames: Process face detection every N frames for performance
+            process_every_n_frames: Process detection every N frames for performance
-            face_confidence: Confidence threshold for face detection
+            face_confidence: Confidence threshold for person detection
             frame_width: Desired frame width
             frame_height: Desired frame height
         """
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ class Camera:
         self.cap.set(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH, frame_width)
         self.cap.set(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT, frame_height)
         
-        # Initialize face detector and zone tracker
+        # Initialize person detector and zone tracker
-        self.face_detector = FaceDetector(confidence_threshold=face_confidence)
+        self.person_detector = PersonDetector(confidence_threshold=face_confidence)
         self.zone_tracker = None  # Will be initialized after first frame
         
         # Frame processing state
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ class Camera:
             with self.lock:
                 self.current_frame = frame.copy()
             
-            # Process face detection every N frames
+            # Process detection every N frames
             if self.frame_counter % self.process_every_n_frames == 0:
                 processed_frame, counts = self._process_frame(frame)
                 with self.lock:
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ class Camera:
     
     def _process_frame(self, frame):
         """
-        Process a single frame: detect faces, track zones, update counts.
+        Process a single frame: detect people, track zones, update counts.
         
         Args:
             frame: Input frame from camera
@@ -112,12 +112,12 @@ class Camera:
         Returns:
             Tuple of (processed_frame, counts_dict)
         """
-        # Detect faces
+        # Detect people
-        faces = self.face_detector.detect_faces(frame)
+        people = self.person_detector.detect_people(frame)
         
         # Track zones and update counts
         if self.zone_tracker:
-            counts = self.zone_tracker.process_faces(faces)
+            counts = self.zone_tracker.process_faces(people)
         else:
             counts = {
                 'total_entered': 0,
@@ -131,8 +131,8 @@ class Camera:
         else:
             processed_frame = frame.copy()
         
-        # Draw faces on frame
+        # Draw people on frame
-        processed_frame = self.face_detector.draw_faces(processed_frame, faces)
+        processed_frame = self.person_detector.draw_people(processed_frame, people)
         
         # Draw count information on frame
         text_y = 60

download_models.py

@@ -1,77 +1,27 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 """
-Script to download OpenCV DNN face detection model files.
+Cleanup script for People Counter.
-Downloads the required prototxt and caffemodel files for face detection.
+Removes unused model files since we switched to HOG detector.
 """
 
-import os
+import shutil
-import urllib.request
 from pathlib import Path
 
 
-def download_file(url, destination):
-    """Download a file from URL to destination."""
-    print(f"Downloading {os.path.basename(destination)}...")
-    try:
-        urllib.request.urlretrieve(url, destination)
-        print(f"✓ Successfully downloaded {os.path.basename(destination)}")
-        return True
-    except Exception as e:
-        print(f"✗ Error downloading {os.path.basename(destination)}: {e}")
-        return False
-
-
 def main():
-    """Main function to download model files."""
+    print("Cleaning up unused model files...")
-    # Create models directory if it doesn't exist
+    
     models_dir = Path("models")
-    models_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
+    if models_dir.exists():
-    
+        try:
-    # Model file URLs
+            shutil.rmtree(models_dir)
-    prototxt_url = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/opencv/opencv/master/samples/dnn/face_detector/deploy.prototxt"
+            print("✓ Removed models directory")
-    model_url = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/opencv/opencv_3rdparty/dnn_samples_face_detector_20170830/res10_300x300_ssd_iter_140000.caffemodel"
+        except Exception as e:
-    
+            print(f"✗ Failed to remove models directory: {e}")
-    # Destination paths
-    prototxt_path = models_dir / "deploy.prototxt"
-    model_path = models_dir / "res10_300x300_ssd_iter_140000.caffemodel"
-    
-    print("=" * 60)
-    print("OpenCV DNN Face Detection Model Downloader")
-    print("=" * 60)
-    print()
-    
-    # Check if files already exist
-    if prototxt_path.exists():
-        print(f"⚠ {prototxt_path.name} already exists. Skipping download.")
     else:
-        success = download_file(prototxt_url, prototxt_path)
+        print("✓ No models directory to remove")
-        if not success:
+        
-            print("\nAlternative: You can manually download deploy.prototxt from:")
+    print("\nSystem ready for HOG-based person detection.")
-            print("https://github.com/opencv/opencv/blob/master/samples/dnn/face_detector/deploy.prototxt")
-            print()
-    
-    if model_path.exists():
-        print(f"⚠ {model_path.name} already exists. Skipping download.")
-    else:
-        success = download_file(model_url, model_path)
-        if not success:
-            print("\n⚠ Warning: The caffemodel file is large (~10MB) and may require manual download.")
-            print("Alternative download methods:")
-            print("1. Using wget:")
-            print(f"   wget -O {model_path} {model_url}")
-            print("2. Using curl:")
-            print(f"   curl -L -o {model_path} {model_url}")
-            print("3. Direct browser download:")
-            print(f"   {model_url}")
-            print()
-    
-    print()
-    print("=" * 60)
-    if prototxt_path.exists() and model_path.exists():
-        print("✓ All model files are ready!")
-    else:
-        print("⚠ Some files may be missing. Please check the files above.")
-    print("=" * 60)
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

face_detector.py

@@ -1,118 +0,0 @@
-"""
-Face Detection Module using OpenCV DNN Face Detector
-Uses pre-trained models for accurate face detection.
-"""
-
-import cv2
-import numpy as np
-import os
-
-
-class FaceDetector:
-    def __init__(self, model_dir="models", confidence_threshold=0.5):
-        """
-        Initialize the face detector with OpenCV DNN models.
-        
-        Args:
-            model_dir: Directory containing the model files
-            confidence_threshold: Minimum confidence for face detection (0.0-1.0)
-        """
-        self.confidence_threshold = confidence_threshold
-        self.model_dir = model_dir
-        
-        # Paths to model files
-        self.prototxt_path = os.path.join(model_dir, "deploy.prototxt")
-        self.model_path = os.path.join(model_dir, "res10_300x300_ssd_iter_140000.caffemodel")
-        
-        # Load the DNN face detector
-        self.net = None
-        self._load_model()
-    
-    def _load_model(self):
-        """Load the OpenCV DNN face detection model."""
-        if not os.path.exists(self.prototxt_path):
-            raise FileNotFoundError(
-                f"Model prototxt file not found: {self.prototxt_path}\n"
-                "Please download the model files first."
-            )
-        if not os.path.exists(self.model_path):
-            raise FileNotFoundError(
-                f"Model weights file not found: {self.model_path}\n"
-                "Please download the model files first."
-            )
-        
-        self.net = cv2.dnn.readNetFromCaffe(self.prototxt_path, self.model_path)
-    
-    def detect_faces(self, frame):
-        """
-        Detect faces in a frame.
-        
-        Args:
-            frame: BGR image frame from OpenCV
-            
-        Returns:
-            List of tuples (x, y, w, h, confidence) for each detected face
-            where (x, y) is top-left corner, w and h are width and height
-        """
-        if self.net is None:
-            return []
-        
-        # Get frame dimensions
-        (h, w) = frame.shape[:2]
-        
-        # Create blob from frame (preprocessing for DNN)
-        blob = cv2.dnn.blobFromImage(
-            cv2.resize(frame, (300, 300)),
-            1.0,
-            (300, 300),
-            (104.0, 177.0, 123.0)
-        )
-        
-        # Pass blob through network
-        self.net.setInput(blob)
-        detections = self.net.forward()
-        
-        faces = []
-        
-        # Process detections
-        for i in range(0, detections.shape[2]):
-            confidence = detections[0, 0, i, 2]
-            
-            # Filter weak detections
-            if confidence > self.confidence_threshold:
-                # Get bounding box coordinates
-                box = detections[0, 0, i, 3:7] * np.array([w, h, w, h])
-                (x1, y1, x2, y2) = box.astype("int")
-                
-                # Ensure coordinates are within frame bounds
-                x1 = max(0, x1)
-                y1 = max(0, y1)
-                x2 = min(w, x2)
-                y2 = min(h, y2)
-                
-                # Convert to (x, y, w, h) format
-                faces.append((x1, y1, x2 - x1, y2 - y1, confidence))
-        
-        return faces
-    
-    def draw_faces(self, frame, faces, color=(0, 255, 0), thickness=2):
-        """
-        Draw bounding boxes around detected faces.
-        
-        Args:
-            frame: Frame to draw on
-            faces: List of face detections from detect_faces()
-            color: BGR color tuple for bounding boxes
-            thickness: Line thickness
-            
-        Returns:
-            Frame with bounding boxes drawn
-        """
-        result_frame = frame.copy()
-        for (x, y, w, h, confidence) in faces:
-            cv2.rectangle(result_frame, (x, y), (x + w, y + h), color, thickness)
-            # Optionally draw confidence score
-            label = f"{confidence:.2f}"
-            cv2.putText(result_frame, label, (x, y - 10),
-                       cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.5, color, 2)
-        return result_frame

person_detector.py

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+"""
+Person Detection Module using OpenCV HOG (Histogram of Oriented Gradients).
+Uses built-in OpenCV people detector - no external model files required.
+"""
+
+import cv2
+import numpy as np
+
+
+class PersonDetector:
+    def __init__(self, model_dir=None, confidence_threshold=0.6):
+        """
+        Initialize the person detector with HOG descriptor.
+        
+        Args:
+            model_dir: Ignored for HOG (kept for API compatibility)
+            confidence_threshold: Threshold for detection weights
+        """
+        self.confidence_threshold = confidence_threshold
+        
+        # Initialize HOG descriptor/person detector
+        self.hog = cv2.HOGDescriptor()
+        self.hog.setSVMDetector(cv2.HOGDescriptor_getDefaultPeopleDetector())
+        print("Initialized HOG Person Detector")
+    
+    def detect_people(self, frame):
+        """
+        Detect people in a frame using HOG.
+        
+        Args:
+            frame: BGR image frame from OpenCV
+            
+        Returns:
+            List of tuples (x, y, w, h, confidence) for each detected person
+        """
+        # Resize for faster processing (optional, but HOG is computationally expensive)
+        # Using a slightly smaller scale can speed things up significantly
+        scale = 1.0
+        if frame.shape[1] > 640:
+            scale = 640 / frame.shape[1]
+            frame_small = cv2.resize(frame, None, fx=scale, fy=scale)
+        else:
+            frame_small = frame
+            
+        # Detect people
+        # winStride: step size in x and y
+        # padding: padding around the input
+        # scale: coefficient of the detection window increase
+        (rects, weights) = self.hog.detectMultiScale(
+            frame_small, 
+            winStride=(4, 4),
+            padding=(8, 8),
+            scale=1.05,
+            hitThreshold=0.0  # Default
+        )
+        
+        people = []
+        
+        # Convert detected rectangles to our format
+        for i, (x, y, w, h) in enumerate(rects):
+            confidence = weights[i]
+            
+            # HOG returns confidence scores, usually > 0.
+            # We can filter if needed.
+            check_conf = float(confidence) if isinstance(confidence, (float, np.float32, np.float64)) else float(confidence[0])
+            
+            if check_conf > self.confidence_threshold:
+                # Scale back up if we resized
+                if scale != 1.0:
+                    x = int(x / scale)
+                    y = int(y / scale)
+                    w = int(w / scale)
+                    h = int(h / scale)
+                
+                # Size filtering
+                # Ignore detections that are too small (noise) or too large (walls/windows)
+                # Assumes 640x480 or similar resolution
+                if w < 40 or w > 400 or h < 80 or h > 480:
+                    continue
+                
+                # Ensure coordinates are within frame bounds (simple clamp)
+                x = max(0, x)
+                y = max(0, y)
+                
+                people.append((x, y, w, h, check_conf))
+        
+        return people
+    
+    detect_faces = detect_people  # Alias for compatibility
+    
+    def draw_people(self, frame, people, color=(0, 255, 0), thickness=2):
+        """
+        Draw bounding boxes around detected people.
+        """
+        result_frame = frame.copy()
+        for (x, y, w, h, confidence) in people:
+            cv2.rectangle(result_frame, (x, y), (x + w, y + h), color, thickness)
+            
+            # Draw label
+            label = f"Person: {confidence:.2f}"
+            
+            # Get label size
+            (label_w, label_h), baseline = cv2.getTextSize(
+                label, cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.5, 1
+            )
+            
+            # Draw background rectangle for label
+            cv2.rectangle(
+                result_frame, 
+                (x, y - label_h - 10), 
+                (x + label_w, y), 
+                color, 
+                -1
+            )
+            
+            # Draw text
+            cv2.putText(
+                result_frame, 
+                label, 
+                (x, y - 5),
+                cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 
+                0.5, 
+                (0, 0, 0), 
+                1
+            )
+            
+        return result_frame
+    
+    draw_faces = draw_people  # Alias for compatibility

zone_tracker.py

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ from collections import defaultdict
 
 class ZoneTracker:
     def __init__(self, frame_width, entry_zone_percent=0.4, exit_zone_percent=0.4, 
-                 cooldown_seconds=2.0, center_buffer_percent=0.1):
+                 cooldown_seconds=4.0, center_buffer_percent=0.1):
         """
         Initialize the zone tracker.
         
@@ -39,12 +39,15 @@ class ZoneTracker:
         self.total_exited = 0
         
         # Track faces with timestamps to prevent double-counting
-        # Key: face_id (centroid hash), Value: (zone, timestamp)
+        # Key: face_id (unique ID), Value: {'centroid': (x, y), 'zone': zone, 'timestamp': time, 'size': (w, h)}
         self.tracked_faces = {}
         self.face_cooldowns = defaultdict(float)
         
         # Track last seen zone for each face (to detect zone transitions)
         self.last_zone = {}
+        
+        # Unique face ID counter
+        self.next_face_id = 1
     
     def get_zone(self, face_x, face_w):
         """
@@ -75,24 +78,46 @@ class ZoneTracker:
         # In the middle zone (between entry/exit and center buffer)
         return None
     
-    def _get_face_id(self, face_x, face_y, face_w, face_h):
+    def _calculate_centroid(self, face_x, face_y, face_w, face_h):
+        """Calculate the centroid of a face bounding box."""
+        return (face_x + face_w // 2, face_y + face_h // 2)
+    
+    def _calculate_distance(self, pt1, pt2):
+        """Calculate Euclidean distance between two points."""
+        return ((pt1[0] - pt2[0])**2 + (pt1[1] - pt2[1])**2)**0.5
+    
+    def _match_face_to_tracked(self, centroid, size):
         """
-        Generate a simple ID for a face based on its position and size.
+        Match a detected face to an existing tracked face based on proximity.
-        This is a basic approach - in production, use proper tracking algorithms.
         
         Args:
-            face_x, face_y: Top-left coordinates
+            centroid: (x, y) centroid of the detected face
-            face_w, face_h: Width and height
+            size: (w, h) size of the detected face
             
         Returns:
-            A simple hash-like ID for tracking
+            face_id if matched, None if new face
         """
-        # Use approximate position and size to create a simple ID
+        max_distance = 150  # Maximum pixel distance to consider it the same face
-        # This helps group similar detections as the same person
+        max_size_diff = 100  # Maximum size difference to consider it the same face
-        grid_x = face_x // 50
+        
-        grid_y = face_y // 50
+        for face_id, face_data in self.tracked_faces.items():
-        size_category = (face_w + face_h) // 50
+            # Skip if face hasn't been seen recently (within last 2 seconds)
-        return f"{grid_x}_{grid_y}_{size_category}"
+            time_since_seen = time.time() - face_data.get('timestamp', 0)
+            if time_since_seen > 2.0:
+                continue
+            
+            tracked_centroid = face_data.get('centroid')
+            tracked_size = face_data.get('size', (0, 0))
+            
+            if tracked_centroid:
+                distance = self._calculate_distance(centroid, tracked_centroid)
+                size_diff = abs(size[0] + size[1] - tracked_size[0] - tracked_size[1])
+                
+                # Match if close enough in position and size
+                if distance < max_distance and size_diff < max_size_diff:
+                    return face_id
+        
+        return None
     
     def process_faces(self, faces):
         """
@@ -110,24 +135,41 @@ class ZoneTracker:
         # Process each detected face
         for face in faces:
             face_x, face_y, face_w, face_h, confidence = face
-            face_id = self._get_face_id(face_x, face_y, face_w, face_h)
+            centroid = self._calculate_centroid(face_x, face_y, face_w, face_h)
             zone = self.get_zone(face_x, face_w)
             
             if zone is None or zone == 'center':
                 continue
             
+            # Try to match this face to an existing tracked face
+            face_id = self._match_face_to_tracked(centroid, (face_w, face_h))
+            
+            if face_id is None:
+                # New face - assign a new ID
+                face_id = self.next_face_id
+                self.next_face_id += 1
+            
             current_zones[face_id] = zone
             
+            # Update tracked face data
+            self.tracked_faces[face_id] = {
+                'centroid': centroid,
+                'zone': zone,
+                'timestamp': current_time,
+                'size': (face_w, face_h)
+            }
+            
             # Check if this face is in cooldown
             if face_id in self.face_cooldowns:
                 if current_time - self.face_cooldowns[face_id] < self.cooldown_seconds:
-                    continue  # Still in cooldown, skip
+                    # Still in cooldown, update zone but don't count
+                    self.last_zone[face_id] = zone
+                    continue
             
             # Check for zone transitions or first detection
             if face_id not in self.last_zone:
                 # First time seeing this face - count if in entry/exit zone
                 self.last_zone[face_id] = zone
-                self.tracked_faces[face_id] = (zone, current_time)
                 
                 # Count on first detection in entry/exit zones
                 if zone == 'entry':
@@ -155,14 +197,17 @@ class ZoneTracker:
                     self.total_exited += 1
                     self.face_cooldowns[face_id] = current_time
                     self.last_zone[face_id] = zone
+                else:
+                    # Same zone or transition we don't care about - just update
+                    self.last_zone[face_id] = zone
         
         # Clean up old tracking data for faces no longer detected
         faces_to_remove = []
-        for face_id in self.last_zone:
+        for face_id in list(self.last_zone.keys()):
             if face_id not in current_zones:
                 # Face no longer detected, but keep in memory for a bit
                 if face_id in self.tracked_faces:
-                    last_seen = self.tracked_faces[face_id][1]
+                    last_seen = self.tracked_faces[face_id].get('timestamp', 0)
                     if current_time - last_seen > 5.0:  # Remove after 5 seconds
                         faces_to_remove.append(face_id)